Osteoarchaeological Studies of Human Systemic Stress of Early Urbanization in Late Shang at Anyang, China
Identifieur interne : 000045 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000044; suivant : 000046Osteoarchaeological Studies of Human Systemic Stress of Early Urbanization in Late Shang at Anyang, China
Auteurs : Hua Zhang [Canada] ; Deborah C. Merrett [Canada] ; Zhichun Jing [Canada] ; Jigen Tang [République populaire de Chine] ; Yuling He [République populaire de Chine] ; Hongbin Yue [République populaire de Chine] ; Zhanwei Yue [République populaire de Chine] ; Dongya Y. Yang [Canada]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2016.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
- geographic : République populaire de Chine.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adolescent, Adult, Burial (history), Child, Child, Preschool, China, Dental Enamel Hypoplasia (history), Female, History, Medieval, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Disorders (history), Osteitis (history), Paleopathology, Periostitis (history), Sex Factors, Social Class, Stress, Physiological, Urbanization, Young Adult.
- MESH :
- geographic : China.
- history : Burial, Dental Enamel Hypoplasia, Nutrition Disorders, Osteitis, Periostitis.
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, History, Medieval, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Paleopathology, Sex Factors, Social Class, Stress, Physiological, Urbanization, Young Adult.
Abstract
Through the analysis of human skeletal remains and mortuary practice in Yinxu, this study investigates the impact of early urbanization on the commoners during the Late Shang dynasty (ca. 1250–1046 B.C.). A total of 347 individuals examined in this study represent non-elites who were recovered from two different burial contexts (formally buried in lineage cemeteries and randomly scattered in refuse pits). Frequencies of enamel hypoplasia (childhood stress),
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151854
PubMed: 27050400
PubMed Central: 4822842
Affiliations:
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Le document en format XML
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Through the analysis of human skeletal remains and mortuary practice in Yinxu, this study investigates the impact of early urbanization on the commoners during the Late Shang dynasty (ca. 1250–1046 B.C.). A total of 347 individuals examined in this study represent non-elites who were recovered from two different burial contexts (formally buried in lineage cemeteries and randomly scattered in refuse pits). Frequencies of enamel hypoplasia (childhood stress), <italic>cribra orbitalia</italic>
(childhood stress and frailty) and osteoperiostitis (adult stress) were examined to assess systemic stress exposure. Our results reveal that there was no significant difference in the frequency of enamel hypoplasia between two burial groups and between sexes, suggesting these urban commoners experienced similar stresses during childhood, but significantly elevated levels of <italic>cribra orbitalia</italic>
and osteoperiostitis were observed in the refuse pit female cohort. Theoretically, urbanization would have resulted in increased population density in the urban centre, declining sanitary conditions, and increased risk of resource shortage. Biologically, children would be more vulnerable to such physiological disturbance; as a result, high percentages of enamel hypoplasia (80.9% overall) and <italic>cribra orbitalia</italic>
(30.3% overall) are observed in Yin commoners. Adults continued to suffer from stress, resulting in high frequencies of osteoperiostitis (40.0% total adults); in particular, in the refuse pit females who may also reflect a compound impact of gender inequality. Our data show that the non-elite urban population in the capital city of Late Shang Dynasty had experienced extensive stress exposure due to early urbanization with further social stratification only worsening the situation, and eventually contributing to collapse of the Shang Dynasty.</p>
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<affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li>
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<settlement><li>Pékin</li>
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